1: Word for verse is Ayah. Ayah means a revelation. Can be a verse or a whole scripture. The verse suggesting abrogation is talking about replacing old scriptures with new ones. I.E. the Torah with the Bible.
2: I really don't see how one could understand that as “it's OK to drink alcohol”.
3: Referring to two different events. Marry was visited by angels long before she was to give birth to Jesus.
4: The people go astray. God doesn't make them. But God doesn't help those who, in full knowledge, reject Him. An if you read the verses carefully, you notice only one speaks of leading people astray and it is mistranslated. Correct translation is “allows to go astray”.
5: God is omnipotent. But he does not produce children. It's an absurdity. The “How can He?” really means "Why in the world would god have a son?".
6: The word "day" in Arabic also means "period". And if you read the full verse, it says it takes angels a period of 50,000 years to reach God.
7: God made the "devils" as protecting friends, but disbelievers choose to take them as friends. And to disbelieve.
8: Saying the Pharaoh's body was preserved does not mean his soul or his life was saved. The verse actually refers to the Pharao's mummification.
9: Belief in God means belief in a single, true God. Not the trinity. Some Christians do not believe Jesus is God, thus some Christians won't go to hell. As for Jews, to my knowledge, don't put any prophet as the equal of God and, thus, have a good chance of being saved. They also share many values, principles, guidelines and history.
10: Muhammad does not ask money for himself. He asks the followers to spend money in the cause of God. Meaning Charity and such. Any money Muhammad received, he gave away. That is why he only possessed two coins when he died.
11: Muslims are only allowed to fight as a way to defend themselves. We can't hurt another soul, be it a Jew, Christian, Mormon, Buddhist or whatever, unless the other party committed acts of aggression towards us. 9:29 therefore refers to wartime.
12: All that is in the Earth as in what the Earth is made of. Matter. Also, the word translated as “then”, tumma, can also mean “moreover” and “also”.
13: God does not forgive people who die in a state of sin. He does, however, forgive anyone who repents for any sin. You know, before being dead, and knowing for certain God exists and knowing you fucked up.
14: These passages don't narrate the same time. One is before the battle, the other is after. We are led to conclude that 1000 angels were sent at first and that more joined them during the battle.
15: You are free to follow the law, but if you don't, there are consequences. And the last thee groups of verses are either taken out of context or mistranslated. Most refer to wartime, while in some the word translated as friend should be translated as ally.
16: The Earth was made in two days and it's provisions calculated in four. The calculations were made within a time period of four days during which the Earth was also created. Then the completion of the Heaven took another two days. I know it is hard to see in a translation, but the original Arabic is slightly clearer. Ahmed Raza Khan's translation makes it easier to see, but you need to read verse nine and ten together, not separately. I'm not sure I'm explaining it right.
17: In Arabic grammar there is a rule known as Tagleeb, according to which, if the majority is addressed, even the minority is included. If for example, I address a class containing 100 students of whom 99 are boys and one is a girl, and if I say in Arabic that the boys should stand up, it includes the girl as well. I need not mention her separately. If you apply that to the verses, it becomes clear.
18: The people go astray. God doesn't make them. But God doesn't help those who, in full knowledge, reject Him. An if you read the verses carefully, you notice only one speaks of leading people astray and it is mistranslated. Correct translation is “allows to go astray”.
19: Oh boy... This isn't a contradiction. It's in fact in complete accordance to science. We and all other known life-forms are made for a big part of water. The parts about dust, dirt, clay, mud and such are a reference to the fact we are made from earthly materials, such as metals. The drop of fluid and cloth refer to the conception of humans. The drop is sperm and the cloth is our appearance in the womb at an early stage. The nothing part has two possible answers. There is that God made matter, from which we are obviously made, out of nothing and that matter is mostly empty. If you grew an atom to be the size of a stadium, the nucleus would be a grain of sand in the middle and the electrons would be dust floating around it. These verses acknowledge that we aren't made from a single material, but from several.
20: God can forgive any sin if one seeks forgiveness. That is why He is merciful. But one who does not seek forgiveness won't get help. One can have mercy and be sever at the same time.
21: The only thing these verses say is that God is allowed to make distinction between the messengers but not the believers.
22: The verses do not say that Iblis doesn't mislead Muslims. The verses say that only few do not get effected by Iblis. The scholars say that among the few are prophets & messengers of God and people of high status of faith.
23: Each prophet is the first from among his people. He is the one leading them to Islam. To be exact, Adam was the first Muslim.
24: The son who remained was a wicked person and, thus, wasn't considered a part of Noah's household. You see that when you read the following verses.
25: Everything is obedient to God to some extent. Even an unbeliever is obedient to God's law in some way. For example, God made food for us to eat. By eating it, you are following the natural law of God. Even if you don't believe in God, you will eat. Iblis may have been an unbeliever, he follows the natural law of God.
26: I f you take both set of verses together, this is the order in which the events happened. Moses leaves his people to go on the mountain. The people make a statue of a calf to worship while he is gone. Aaron warns them and they respond they will stay devoted to the calf until the return of Moses. Later, they realize how stupid they were. Then Moses returns. I always though it was pretty obvious.
27: The second set of verses are actually translated as “we do not send the angels except for a purpose” or “except with Truth”, Truth being a message or revelation, which also shows the same meaning.
28: If you read different (and arguably clearer) translations(and the whole verses), you see this first two verses talk about God taking away the light from the fire, leaving the person unable to see. And both verse refer to two different parables.
29: Ordering punishment for murder whoever the murderer and the murdered are is hardly promoting slavery.
30: The verse does not say God can't have a son. Re-read the whole verse.
31: I already talked about this one in my previous replies. Short story is that the two verses don't contradict, but rather complement.
32: The verses prior to 10:83 re-count the same event as in 7:120 but does not mention the ending of the narrative and instead jumps to the general response of the population to Moses' preaching in Egypt. The 120th verse of the 7th surah shows the ending of that particular story.