I literally tried to disassemble the SNES virtual console to find where the ROM is stored, but to no avail (tried three different disassemblers, none of which could open the dumped elf file).
There is apparently a way to dump the ROM from the console's memory while the game is running by doing something with TCPGecko.NET. Search the forums, you are bound to find it. Be careful with TCP Gecko, one wrong poke will freeze your console.