You want some kind of diagnostics pathway associated with different charging currents*/voltage readings at points (possibly currents at a given time) or some kind of what part gobbles what amount of current?
I am not aware of anything quite so formal publicly shared for the Switch as we have for various mobile phones, laptops and whatnot (and most of those are leaked schematics or officially released manuals). There are a few people that note a certain current on a non working device means you want to check ? chip or something but big list is not something I have seen (you would normally see it as a copy past/link to check answer), however I am quite prepared to be wrong.
*for those unaware then modern electronics tend not to be dumb devices that take all the power they can get the instant you plug the device in. Usually one thing livens up another, and then another, and maybe restricts until other stuff is done. All this also sending different voltage signals around the place.
Measure the current draw over short periods of time, and measure voltages at given points relative to other points (aka why you have an oscilloscope with capture features) and you can learn what is not outputting the signals as seen in a healthy device and thus what chips (or the traces and passives surrounding them) are not doing their job and thus what you might want to repair/replace/analyse further. It gets marginally more complicated with batteries in the mix (fully charged vs partially charged vs deep discharge vs charged by cooling off...) and power levels (standby vs powered vs sleeping vs...) but not by much.