There are many schools of thought here.
1) Computers (and by extension 3d printers) get too powerful for various tastes and thus become restricted goods and those that know how to work them treated similarly.
or his short story
https://craphound.com/stories/2006/01/12/printcrime/
2) Quantum computers take off. This changes an awful lot when it comes to physics, medicine, security, maths, chemistry (and with that materials science). As it stands supercomputers today can predict the effects of medicine (as opposed to so much try minor variation of what we already know and see what happens) and materials (turns out subatomic physics up through macro stuff makes life difficult to calculate things when you want to mix many different atoms together). Quantum computers would make this as trivial as desktop publishing and sound recording has changed the book and music industries, if not 1000x more than that.
Quantum computers however are not magic, and amusingly enough need a fair amount of conventional computing to make sense of the results.
3) Conventional computing (aka what we have today) hits a wall somewhere in the not too distant future which means the sci fi of the 40s that failed to predict miniaturisation actually comes to pass and we dedicate whole moons, mines and the like to computation.
There is still much that can be done (chips still are mostly 2d, who knows what biology might bring), and if you throw a lot of money at it then even more still (you might have heard of lithography limits, and they are an issue to contend with, however the things like atomic force microscopes that make the patterns for lithography in the first place can also make chips, just takes a lot of time and effort where the whole point of lithography is you can make one expensive pattern and use that to create millions of chips to get that economy of scale up) but there is a horizon and it is not necessarily centuries out.
4) Sci fi future and man becomes a blend of machine and old school biology, VR worlds become the default with maybe a few keeping guard on the real space, that or AI takes over entirely and maybe keeps a few humans around as pets/zoo animals.
