Looks like you have an outdated font file.
You can download the updated font from here and follow the steps below.
https://mega.nz/file/lg0yWI7b#FXxGUHeRb4uI5nRHld5iDW1zHaVn9aOwoXzON7joSIc
Doing it this way will save you time from downloading the entire ISO and applying the patch again, if you have already done so.
Here's how to install the updated font file:
1. Open the program "WQSG_UMD.exe".
2. Click on "ISO".
3. Find your Madoka Magica Portable ISO file and press "Open."
4. Navigate to the "/PSP_GAME/USRDIR/Font" directory of the game. You should be able to see the file "font.fnt".
5. Drag and drop the updated "font.fnt" file you downloaded from the link above unto the directory, replacing the old one.
6. Close the program and play the game.