As said above, it can be used for sharing USB storage devices and printers over the network. Can also be used for charging any device that can charge via USB (e.g. most phones, MP3 players, iPods, etc.).
Have also seen it used for exploiting routers to load custom firmware (e.g. DD-WRT), although that obviously isn't a "feature" as such and isn't the purpose for it being there. Just a nice added extra.
In some cases, with the right firmware on the router (e.g. DD-WRT), you can even run a server on the router, using USB for storage. With port forwarding, you can have that server accessible externally, just like any other server. Seeing as a router is generally always switched on anyway, it's a relatively low (additional) power option if you're thinking of setting up a server for any reason.
There are probably dozens of other uses, especially if you install a custom firmware such as DD-WRT (unless you specifically want some of those features though, it's probably not worth the hassle of installing DD-WRT).