People say more cores but surely we will then run into Amdahl's Law
http://home.wlu.edu/~whaleyt/classes/paral...ics/amdahl.html , you could probably stave it off for a while given that true parallelism* is not really called for in general purpose computing and by going the cell route and having a core as a controller (
http://phrack.com/issues.html?issue=66&id=13#article ). I know programmers are moving up (an impressive feat in my mind) to multiple threads but we are already seeing diminishing returns on multiple cores for many things as well as cache issues.
*true parallelism here being where one instruction/bunch of instructions needs to complete (return a result) before another moves on, general computing could usually not care less about such things.
Die size: it could go smaller with present tech but not at an industrial level (electron lithography: see theory behind a scanning electron microscope (SEM) vs optical microscope) and being an industrial level is the only way to make it affordable/viable for people and business alike. You also have to consider that by this time you are nearing 10s of atoms in gate length which also opens the door to quantum effects (such things are already a worry but this would up the ante even further).
Core speed increase: yes and no. Silicon without too many fancy (expensive) extras and/or serious cooling is probably nearing limits (I say probably but there is all manner of things that can change it).
There are other semiconductors and materials that can be used and there is some research (mainly military and high end) but expense becomes an issue.
There are however interesting cooling ideas going on (
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/02/04/re...trol_chirality/ )
GPU stuff: I have not really dabbled with it yet but people say it is extremely hard to do and again Amdahl's Law.
My prediction, following on from the instruction set rejig (coming from someone who knows X86 ASM amongst others the instruction set is a mess: some say Microsoft has held computing back somewhat and I say you add Intel and IBM to that list) I reckon we will see the rise of the FPGA type devices as a coprocessor of sorts. I know FPGA and similar devices have been hyped to hell and back (indeed I have had to dispel myths on many occasions) but coupled with the materials advances and the increasing presence (return?) of dongles I think the time might be right. If not that explicitly then as much as it pains me to use a buzzword of sorts then virtualisation at a die level. This could signal the return of a form of ASM if indeed something like Java was wound into a core, now if you will excuse me I need to throw up and shower a few times for suggesting such a thing.
Bios loaded kernel: definitely, if they can make it an underlying process similar to the consoles then without doubt especially given the use of internal USB ports to add NAND based storage and how many people have no problems with dual booting.
Quantum Computing: given not all that many places can even make a gate these days let alone something that could consider existing outside a clean room for any length of time.... While I would like to see it my guess is it is one of those "20 years away and always will be" technologies.
@tylerxian forget wikipedia grab a copy of
Quantum computing: from linear algebra to physical realizations
Authors: Mikio Nakahara, Tetsuo Ohmi
Google books preview (it is also around if you know how to use the net):
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VdHJsTd...lt&resnum=1
Storage: tough one. Electromechanical devices will probably stick around for a while purely due to storage density. I reckon with we see the rise of graded ram (think like CPU cache but at multiple levels)
"Cloud" computing, as of yet nobody has given a concrete definition which means it is in the sole domain of marketing buzzword and will be there for some time. What little does exist though seems to be an amalgamation of thin client, basic servers and RAID technology which have been around for years now and while they certainly have their uses they have not set the world on fire.
Interface: OLED screens are a near certainty probably projectors as well. Keyboard and mouse is probably hear to stay though although I suspect a more diverse range of random peripherals.
Perhaps only tangential to this but the rise of 3d printing and/or home level rapid prototyping would be something worth seeing. Circuits, T-shirts and basic plastics already exist various ways so stepping it up to more exotic things is not out of the question.
The main thing for me though is what kind of BS DRM move is going to mess things up in a big way.