Why do you want to do this? I imagine some kind of locked down demo computer, computer for those afraid of computing or embedded system. In those cases I might look into an explorer replacement or a dedicated program that blocks lots of things.
Problems of view and sort by can probably be sorted by forcing the view options at every boot. Not entirely sure how I would set about this right now -- apply current view to all folders is something I typically only have to do the once.
New menus. You can remove most of things in it and going beyond that if you set up proper user controls they should not have the ability to damage the machine.
Also what is a surface web in this context? If you mean it as some kind of "not the deep web" then stop that.