Hi all, just an update on my situation.
xgorinx: I tried your blank mailbox, but it just caused my game to tell me that my save data was corrupted and wanted to erase it. Hard no on that (not that I didn't have a backup anyways,) but it means that the postboxes that you sent me really were tied to your user somehow
Klavice Gavin: Like I said before, I used a postbox and postboxHeader from an older save file, and it worked!!! I lost a few letters (just some songs and probably a Gulliver trophy) but that's small fry to ensure that my mailbox can just work for me. I keep regular backups, thankfully, so I had this data available
So for the record (and anyone googling this in the future,) here's what was edited:
Villager 5 (Bob) had his catchphrase replaced from his original 'pthhhbth' or whatever it is to 'ay lmao' because I thought that would be hilarious
Villager 6 was Yuka and was replaced with Audie. We copied all of her data wholesale, including personality, catchphrase, etc. (Her house is still a bit odd, but not too concerned about it) So Species, Variant, Personality, and Catchphrase were all changed here
Villager 8 was marked as 'moving out' so that we could replace her with someone more interesting via amiibo
Player 1 was given a pile of money and tickets and a stack of each fruit
Player 2 was given a pile of money and tickets and a set of golden tools
My guess is that one of the Villager edits didn't play nice with the version of the NHSE I was using (build was from 2020-04-25,) and didn't set all of the data properly for one of them (I'd guess V6, but I can't say.) So that when that villager sent me a letter out of the blue, it tried to access something, like a catchphrase, in the game data, was unable to parse whatever it found, and then blew up, and sent me 300 letters.
The letters were all favorite'd automatically, unopened, has presents attached, and had no text in the little preview blurb. Whenever I tried to open one of these letters, the game would just crash on me. I'm not sure if the 300 letters and the crashing are directly related, since I've seen other users that get 300 letters, but they're not actively crashing the machine (or actually contain valid presents.)