Something down the line is drawing too much current, causing this IC to blow.
It's like replacing the fuse, turning on the power and finding the fuse got blown out again because it was not the fuse that was the problem.
Google for 'sm-ps5-0023e-01-0 (BOARD SERVICE MANUAL 1st edition)' and that might help you to see what this powerIC is connected to.
Most of these regulators seem to be connected to the CPU/GPU so they take quite some current.
You might want to remove the IC and check whether there is a short on the output lines.
If you're lucky, then it's just a cap shorting the ground and the output of that regulator.
Usually electrolytic capacitors go first, then the big non-electrolytic ones.
Remove the inductor maybe as well before testing.
It looks like these regulator are combined together to the same power rails after they go through the inductor.
So that can make things even more complex as it can also be another of those regulators.
Even with a thermal camera, you might blow the IC again before you figured out what component might get hot.
The power supply can and will deliver quite a high current to those ICs.
A colleague of mine with way better equipment than me used a power bench with a very limited current to inject the voltage directly into the power rails.
With some IPA alcohol you can see which component gets warm and evaporates the alcohol quickly.
But these power rails might go as low as 1 volt so you need some good equipment for that.
And there are no safeguards when it comes to injecting voltages too high.
So be careful.
