.bin is a generic name used for millions of formats across computing and probably just as many on the 3ds (and every other game device with a file system). If you ask me for a program to open something I will assume you mean one with a specialist ability to handle the format in question. Some might exist but it will need to be for something specific using that name within multiple games (maybe a binary that runs on the processor -- most games will use Nintendo tools and be aimed at the hardware so won't stray too far) or was built for a specific game.
Anyway the program you describe is called a hex editor and can open anything you have permissions for on your computer. I trialled a bunch a while back https://gbatemp.net/threads/rom-hacking-hex-editors-mid-2012-discussion.326873/
For the most part it is still good today, certainly the only real changes when I last looked were in the programs I dismissed and none saw them rise up to challenge the ones I put forth as good.
A lot of ROM hacking GUI tools will tend to also have a hex editor component as well.
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