There’s lots of aspects that come into play with eGPU use, not least of which is Thunderbolt 3 itself. For instance, just because it’s TB3, they’re not all equal, there can be two lanes, or four lanes. Like everything else, more is better.
The long tall and short of it though is that on average you’ll see 5% - 15% worse performance on average with an eGPU, compared to a similarly specced laptop, or desktop depending what you’re comparing it to.
The upside? Well you can keep the laptop thin and light for everyday use and still get significant improvements for gaming by hooking up an eGPU. And it’s early days, the technology is still relatively new and it’s already showing a lot of promise.