If you do just want to make music then +1 to Localhorst86 as LSDJ ( http://www.littlesounddj.com/lsd/ ) is indeed the gold standard here.
If you mean like the sappy stuff for the GBA and the SDAT stuff for the DS commercial games then no, not really. The GB/GBC saw some standardisation of file formats and such but nothing as extensive as the previously mentioned systems and a lot of devs did their own thing.
Some games might have individual programs for them, pokemon being the first place I would look to see if I could find such a thing (if nothing else I think red has a complete disassembly and that will include all there is to know about the music, though I don't think it will be necessary to approach it from that angle). Some other games might have had their formats individually looked at. You may even be able to operate at "I has midi, want insert so plays in game" level.
I don't have anything special for the GB/GBC audio like I have for the GBA ( http://belogic.com/gba/ ) and DS but http://problemkaputt.de/pandocs.htm#soundcontroller should get you somewhere if you do head down the path of learning hardware, though combined with the unreleased game stuff above you should be able to get an appreciation for what goes and some of the practical considerations.
Mario games are often a bit more hacked than others, though I am unaware of the specifics here.
Doing a token search for mario land 2 disassembly I got back https://github.com/froggestspirit/marioland2 which is far from complete but has a few things. Without doing a proper search I only got something about the current song and whether to make it faster, though both of those are good things to have to start pulling something apart with. http://datacrystal.romhacking.net/wiki/Super_Mario_Land_2_6_Golden_Coins suggests some level editors are available for it but that does not help with audio.
There also appears to be a MB5 conversion patch but if you don't know what that is you probably don't need it right away.
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I feel like school, back when I was actually in school, was more entertaining though, because of how much I get to interact with people, hang out with friends, and other stuff like that. All I get to talk to at work is my boring coworkers lol