Either the port broke, or the drive broke. I broke a HDD from dropping it on my bed once by accident, and dropping it on a hard surface is much more likely to break it.
Try to look inside the port, see if everything looks okay (no pins are bent, the center thing looks straight) and also make sure the cable plugs in straight and isn't tilted like the port itself is bent. I've broken a MicroUSB port before by dropping the device while it was plugged in and while it wasn't visibly damaged, when I plugged in a cable it was tilted at an angle so clearly the port itself was bent, and the port didn't work at all afterwards.