The problem with modern computer, is that the OS have to manage plenty of things which consoles don't have to. And making a very ergonomics OS need also many more processus to run.
Anyway, when you'r playing (or even while using the OS), most of the processus are sleeping, waiting for an interuption (a key pressed or any other signal) to wake up. While sleeping, they take up RAM (or HDD swap files) but they don't use any processor ressources.
Such an OS would be useless to improve your gaming performence. The only thing you can do, is to make an OS which take less RAM (by removing all the useless processus) and you will have some more RAM for your games.
And here you have the main difference between Windows XP and Vista. Both use pretty much the same processor ressources but Vista need way more RAM to store all its wonderfull new processus like Aero.
So why PC can't with the same spec as a console can't run the same game as fast? Simply because for console, textures and models complexity are lower than on PC. You can't compare a PC game running in "high" settings with a console game (which is certainly not on "high").
Since XBOX/XBOX360 games are made with XNA, which is a developpement environement which can compile games in both xbox and pc format (and both run on some sort of a directX), codes, textures & models should be the exact same. At least for Xbox360 (xbox SDK hasn't a so good portability). It also depends on the developpers will; look at the Halo 1 port, I beleive that microsoft made an awful port to convice poeple that their console are far better than a PC (and that's ridiculous since Xbox has a PC architectur and run with a special Direct X).
So if you want an OS made for gaming, just take your favorite OS and tweak it. Desactivate all the processus you don't need.
My Windows XP takes less than 200Mo in RAM with firewall and so on.