I have read about this many many times before, with various Mobo's. - google something like : "motherboard works out of case but not in"
Board works out of case .. but not in. Always iv'e seen such complaints, i bet my money its on a short circuit somehwere, especially if you have a PSU that is amodular with wires that are sticking around all over the place
This HAS happened to me before, as in it PC would boot fine first, but shutdown and try turning on, and i get a bootloop - lights go on, everything seems to be fine then it shuts down
I simply fix this my turning off the PSU from the back power button - if there is no power button, remove the power cord and wait a bit for the capcitators to fully discharge - about 20 seconds should do the trick.
I also hear rumors about using non-grounded power sockets that can cause static on some cases. In addition i have heard many complaints from the I/O shield causing grounding issues with the mobo tray and thus ultimately causing this - makes sense for out of case you wouldnt have installed the I/O plate at all. Anyway, mind providing a FULL list of your hardware ? - Even case model and especially your PSU.
Try that, it's worth a shot, also try taking the mobo out of the case and testing it again.
Basically if i were you try it again out of case, if it still doesn't work then just RMA the thing.