I would argue that by funding private education institutions the government created the problem in the first place - student loans with a cap that's sky high means a school can also charge sky high since everybody is spending virtual money, until it's not virtual a few years down the line. The value proposition here went out of whack and the former students were left holding the bag. The way government-backed student loans work in the UK is that, if after graduating you are unable to find a job that gives you X income in return, the school has failed in its obligation to provide you marketable education, which is a failure to render service, and the debt is forfeit (to be more specific, your post-graduate student loan is subject to a write-off if you have failed to find employment that
generates an income of £27,295 within 30 years of graduating, Plan 1 loans are written off after 25 years). It's not the best solution, but it's better than wholesale debt forgiveness. Schools must be incentivised to provide education that sells, otherwise they will teach nonsense to maximise profit and minimise expenses, like every business does. That's not cruel, that's sensible. Alternatively, pending government review, some majors should be government-backed while others should not. This changes all the time due to market forces deciding demand, so it would be up to the department of education to decide. It's a complicated subject with no one primary cause of chaos, saying that "lack of funding" is the root cause is too broad.