Hey guys, i finally resolved it.
I'll write exactly what I did, but there will be steps that are possibly unnecessary and/or unique to my case:
- restored from NAND backup of "1.0.0-7 pre-release"
- generated "1.0.0 official" offline firmware files via eMMChaccGen and prod.keys file from yuzu, found via google
- flashed the generated 1.0.0 files to my switch via tegraexplorer by injecting tegraexplorer.bin file and executing the systemrestore.te
- then I mounted emmc once again via memloader.bin to my windows system (running in parallels desktop on macOS, btw.) and opened the disk via HacDiskMount
- killed all the files from SAFE, SYSTEM and USER and replaced them with the files from offline 1.0.0 once again, also removed the PRF2SAFE.RCV files in all three partitions -> means I had to do a full "System Initialize" with killing all my data and savegames
After this, the switch finally booted via hekate 5.3.2 and AMS 0.13.0 and is now fully functional again.
I could re-upgrade to 9.2.0 once again with choidujourNX and everything is working, also gamecard-reader.
Thank you very much for all the help and hints you gave me!
But in the end, I had to find my very own way and it was worth investigating for four entire weeks..
Never give up!