So, here's what I have in my SD card. My question is: Which one of this boot. do I replace when updating to luma 9.1? what is this boot.3dsx?
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You are most likely using A9LH (since you have an arm9loaderhax.bin file - for your and everyone else's sanity, turn on file extensions!), so if you want to use the newer versions of Luma, you must first update to B9S --
https://3ds.hacks.guide/a9lh-to-b9s.html
So luma allows custom firmware to be downloaded, so it's pretty much another option to Homebrew???
Luma IS a cfw (the leading one in popularity, too) for the 3DS -- note that different console scenes use different definitions for the word "cfw"
All cfws are arm9 homebrews (these days, in the .firm format, typically intended for use with Boot9Strap - the .bin and .dat formats are associated with the predecessors of B9S) and you need an entrypoint to run them; the leading one, nowadays, is the just mentioned B9S (which would be a cfw according to the definition formerly commonly used in the PSP world; but few 3DS people would call it such)
Non-arm9 homebrew, including save managers, come in one or both of 2 formats: one is .cia - they install to the home screen like any commercial app; the other is .3dsx - they run by replacing temporarily an installed app.
The 3dsx format used to be inferior (hackish and unreliable implementation, depending on the hosting app's permissions, 3dsx loader breaking with small changes to the operating system, ...) however Rosalina (a feature of the newer versions of Luma) has done much to redeem them from these issues (at the cost of breaking compatibility with some older 3dsx homebrews), to the point some people prefer to use 3dsx'es only
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Can installing CFW screw up the 3DS' Camera?
By itself, it can't (at least for modern definitions of "installing cfw" - at various times in history some pretty barbarian methods were involved, still nothing that should directly affect the camera)
but when I just activate the regular camera, I get a black screen that only shows how many more pictures I can take. Is there a way to fix this?
Can you use the camera(s) facing the opposite direction?
What happens if you try a 3D photo (if the issue is with the outer ones)?
Does it work in 3DS games? What about in DSi ones?