There are tools that will seek broken GOPs (group of pictures, if you ever had a video corrupt then come back in with motion before snapping back just fine then you probably witnessed this in action) for various formats. I am not sure what I have in the way of batch/command line capable programs.
You might also be able to fake it by remuxing the files (think turn avi into MKV, the act of putting media streams into a container is called muxing) -- if the muxer has to scan the stream then hopefully it will spot any corruption as it in turn has to generate the required data for the container to know where and what everything is.
Most video files don't inherently have a hash in the them.
If they are downloaded files and the file names include stuff like [345F85AB] at the end (mainly the domain of anime groups but others did it) then they are usually stuff like CRC32 values of what they expect the file to be. SFV files are lists of hashes, though usually if the file comes in RAR files it is for those rather than the final file.
Fix the files... depends what was done to them as far as corruption and where (get a corrupt black screen intro and can make that trivially, 4 minutes of action is a different ask, 2 seconds if you can accept a frozen frame or some blurriness could be doable and I have had harder stuff when restoring home video stuff for people). Depending upon the nature of the files then you might also have stuff like PAR files -- PAR2 is a type of file recovery format usually associated with usenet. They work by turning the files into an equation and then oversampling it (a straight line needs two points to define it, give me 4 and you can have a corrupt one, maybe even two, and I can still recreate the line) such that you can recreate it. If you know someone with a working set of files you can get them to create par2 files at far lower sizes than the whole files (and the basic check will tell you how many recovery blocks you need).
